体操的专用术语有哪些？（包括动作名称）
艺术体操术语
A
Abrupt interruption of the music 突然中断
Absence 缺少
Absence of a formation 缺少一个队形
Absence of balance 缺乏平衡
Absence of contact 无接触
Absence of harmony 不和谐
Absence of unity 缺乏一致性
Absence of variety 缺乏多样
Acrobatic 技巧动作
Acrobatic elements 技巧动作
Active bounces 主动拍球
Aesthetic 美的
A "grasped" ball 抓球
A knot in the rope 绳打结
Alteration of the formation 队形改变
Alteration of the pattern formed by the ribbon 带的图形改变
Alteration of the trajectory 改变抛物线
Amplitude 幅度
Ankle 踝
A position on the floor 地上一个姿势
Apparatus 器械
Apparatus balanced on one part of the body 器械在身体某一部位的平衡
Apparatus held 持器械
Apparatus held for a long time 长时间持器械
Apparatus do not conform to the specifications 器械不合规格
Appropriate symbols 正确符号
Arabesque 阿拉贝斯
Arch jump 挺身跳
Arms too far apart during the mills 小五花时手臂距离过大
Artistic Value 艺术值
A series of tosses 一串小抛
Aside from hands 除手以外
A spirit of cooperation 合作精神
"Assisted rolls" 有帮助的滚动
Assistant Judge 辅助裁判
Asymmetric movements 不对称动作
Asymmetric throw and catches 不对称的抛和接
At the end of the exercise 动作结束时
At the horizontal 在水平位置
Attitude 阿提丢
B
Back bend of the trunk 体后屈
Back splits 后劈腿
Back splits without help 无帮助后劈腿
Backward 向后
Balance 平衡
Balance on one knee 单膝支撑的平衡
Ball 球
Ball held against the forearm 球靠在前臂上
Base score 基础分
Basic characteristics 特征
Basic composition 基本编排
Basic technique 基本技术
Be coordinated with the apparatus 与器械相结合
Behind the back 在背后
Being in suspension 悬空
Below horizontal 水平以下
Below the leg(s) 腿下
Body movement elements 动作要素
Boomerang roll (roll with return ) 倒滚圈
Boomerang throws 拉带抛 Broken apparatus 器械断裂
Butterfly 蝴蝶跳
C
Cabriole 羚羊跳
Cartwheels 侧手翻
Catch 接
Catches of large throws 接大抛的器械
Catch on the floor 在地上接
Catch the ball with 2 hands 双手接球
Change of planes 面的改变
Change of support 改变支撑
Character of apparatus 器械特点
Chinese Gymnastic Association 中国体操协会
Choice of apparatus elements 器械动作的选择
Choice of body movements 身体动作的选择
Choice of elements 动作选择
Choice of music 音乐的选择
Choreography 舞蹈
Choreographic elements 舞蹈动作
Circles 绕环
Closing Ceremony 闭幕式
Clubs 棒
Code of points 评分规则
Collaboration among the gymnasts 运动员间的合作
Collision between the apparatus 器械相撞
Collision between the gymnasts 运动员相撞
Combination of difficulties 联合难度
Competition 比赛
Competition for Groups Exercises 集体赛
Competition for Individuals Exercises 个人赛
Competition Hall 比赛馆
Competition schedule 比赛时间表
Compulsory body movements required for each apparatus 各项器械所规定的身体动作组
Connection 连接
Contact with the apparatus 接触器械
Contact with the arm 接触上臂
Contact with the forearm 接触前臂
Contraction 紧张
Co-ordination 协调性
Correctness 准确性
"Cossack" jumps or leaps "哥萨克"
Criteria 标准
Crossed arms 双臂交叉
D
Degree of faults 失误程度
Diameter 直径
Dibble(bounce) 拍（弹）
Different movements 不同的动作
Different plane and direction 不同面和方向
Different planes 不同的面
Different position 不同姿态
Different types of throw 不同类型的抛
Difficulties with exchange of apparatus 器械交换难度
Difficulties with left hand 左手难度
Directions 方向
Direct passing 直接过渡
Discipline of coaches 教练员纪律
Discipline of the gymnasts 运动员纪律
Dress of gymnasts 运动员服装
Dress of judge 裁判服
During a jump/leap 跳的过程中
During the catch of the apparatus 接器械的过程中
During the exercise 动作过程中
During the flight of the apparatus 器械飞行过程中
During the throw 抛的过程中
Dynamics 动力性
E
Each additional half-turn 每增加180度转体
Each additional rotation 每个附加的转体
Each time 每次
Elegance 优美性
Elements of collaboration 合作动作
Elements over the hoop 圈上动作
Entry 入场
Evaluation of exercises 评分
Events 项目
Exchanges by throwing 抛的交换
Exchange difficulties 交换难度
Exchange difficulties with combinations 联合交换难度
Exchanges by throws 抛交换
Execution 完成
Execution faults 完错错误
Execution in "canon" 以"轮唱"方式完成
Execution in rapid succession 快速连续完成
Exercises without apparatus 徒手动作
Expression 表现力
F
Federation International de Gymnastique 国际体操联合会
Feet caught in the hoop 脚碰圈
Feet caught in the rope 脚碰绳
Figure eights 8字
Finals 决赛
Finals by apparatus 单项决赛
Finishing position 结束动作
Flexibility 柔韧
Flexion of the trunk 躯干弯曲
"Flip overs" 翻转
Floor Area 场地
Foot higher than the head 脚高过头
Formations 队形
Forward 向前
Forward or backward rolls 前后滚翻
Forward or backward walkovers or cartwheels 前后软翻/侧手翻
Fouette 浮埃迪
Four Continents RG Championships 四大洲艺术体操锦标赛
Free rolls 自由滚动
Free rotations 自由转动
Front bend of the trunk 体前器屈
Front splits with back bend of the trunk 踹燕
Fundamental groups 基本组
G
General Competition 预赛
General criteria 一般标准
General impression 总体印象
Generalities 总则
Good amplitude 幅度大
Grip 握法
Group Exercises 集体动作
Group work 团体动作
Guiding idea 主题思想
Gymnastic quality 体操特点
Gymnasts 运动员
H
Handling 运用
Head touching the leg 头触腿
Holding the clubs by the body 持棒体
Holding the clubs by the head 持棒头
Holding the clubs by the neck 持棒颈
Hoop 圈
Horizontal 水平
Horizontal axis 水平轴
I
Illusion 伊柳辛
Illusion backwards 向后伊柳辛
Immediate retrieval 立即捡回
Immobility 静止状态
Imprecise planes or directions 面和方向不准确
Imprecise trajectory 抛物线不准确
In all directions 所有方向
In an unstable position 在不稳定平衡位置
Incomplete movement 动作不完全
Incomplete roll over the body 在身上的不完全滚动
Incomplete rotation 不完全转体
In connection with the apparatus 与器械相结合
Incorrect catch 接法不正确
Incorrect execution technique 完成技术不正确
Incorrect handling 运用不正确
Incorrect roll with bounce 滚动不正确有跳动
Individual all-around competition 个人全能赛
In flight 飞行中
Insufficient 不足
Insufficient amplitude 幅度不充分
Insufficient difficult 难度不足
Insufficient difficulties of exchange 交换难度不足
Insufficient handling of the apparatus 器械运用不充分
Intermediary step 中间步
International Tournament (Competition) 国际比赛
Interruption 中断
Invalid difficulties 无效难度
Involuntary contact 无意接触
Involuntary wrapping 无意缠身
Inward 向内
Isolated difficulties 单独难度
J
"Jete" with a turn 反跨跳
"Jete" with ring(+leg) 反跨跳结环
Judge 裁判
Judge Procedures 裁判程序
Judge with FIG Brevet 持有国际体联证书的裁判
Jump or leap above a partner 从同伴身上跳过
Jump over the hoop 从圈上跳过
Jumps and leaps 大跳
Jumps/leaps into the rope 过绳大跳
Juries 仲裁
K
Kick the hoop 踢圈
Knot with interruption in the exercise 打结并中断动作
Knot without interruption in the exercise 打结但未中断动作
L
Lack of height 缺乏高度
Large roll 长距离滚动
Large throws 大抛
Large traveling 长距离移动
Leap difficulty with double turn of the rope 双摇跳
Leaps in the rope 大跳过绳
Leaving the floor area 出界
Leg high up 高举腿
Leg high up front or sideways or back 向前、侧、后高举腿
Leg high up in ring position 向后高举腿结环
Leg in ring position 腿在结环位置
Legs high up 双腿高举
Length 长度
Levels 水平
Line judges 视线员
Long stop in a formation 一个队形停留时间长
Loops or waves insufficiently tight 环和波浪不紧凑
Loops or waves not of the same amplitude 环和波浪幅度不同
Loss 掉地
Loss and retrieval of the apparatus 器械掉地并捡起
Loss of apparatus 失去器械
Loss of apparatus during the difficulty 在难度过程中失去器械
Loss of balance 失去平衡
Loss of rhythm 失去节奏
M
Major fault 严重错误
Making the catch easier 使接法变得容易
Mark of composition 编排分
Mark for execution 完成分
Master judge (or head judge) 裁判长
Mastery 熟练性
Material 材料
Medium fault 明显错误
Mills 小五花
Mixed difficulty 混合难度
Modes 方式
Monotony of music 音乐单调
Music 音乐
Musical accompaniment 音乐伴奏
Musical introduction 音乐前奏
Multiple exchanges 复合交换
Musical composition 音乐编排
Musical introduction 音乐前奏
N
National team 国家队 Non aesthetic elements 不美的动作
Non-compulsory body movement 非必须的身体动作组
Non-valid difficulties 无效难度
Not visibly held 无明显停顿
Novel isolated difficulty 新难度
Novel relationship 新关系
Number of difficulties 难度数量
O
Of different types and levels 不同类型和水平
Official Championships for Rhythmic Gymnastics 艺术体操正式比赛
Official forms 正式表格
Of the same type and level 同种类型和水平
On a part of the body 在身体的一部分
One difficulty 一个难度
One leg over the other bent 一腿弯曲在另一腿上
One leg over the other stretched 一腿伸直在另一腿上
On the chest 胸部支撑
On the floor 在地上
On the hand 在手上
On the knee 跪平衡
On the stomach 腹部支撑
Opening Ceremony 开幕式
Open rope held by both hands 双手持绳
Originality 独创性
Other groups 其它组
Outside the visual field 视线外
Outward 向外
Over the body 在身上
Overuse 过多运用
P
Passé 巴塞
Passing of the boundary of floor area by the gymnast 运动员出界
Passing on the floor 通过地面
Passing through a partner 从同伴身上通过
Passing through the hoop 从圈中穿过
Passing twice through the apparatus 两次穿过器械
Passing with splits 经过劈腿
Passive bounces 被动拍球
Penalization 判罚
Penalties 扣分
Pike jump 屈体跳
Pivots 转体
Pivots with small hops 小跳转体
Pre-acrobatic elements 近似技巧动作
Present a risk 有惊险动作
Primary technique 基本技术
Prohibited elements 禁用动作
Protest 抗议
Provisional 条文
R
Rebound (kick back) of the stick of the ribbon
反弹（踢回）带棍
Rebounds 反弹
Relationship and collaboration among the gymnasts 运动员之间的联系和合作
Relationship between the gymnasts
运动员之间的关系
Relaxation 放松
Repetition 重复
Repetition of exercises 重做
Replacement apparatus 替换器械
Reserve gymnasts 替补运动员 Rethrows 连抛
Rhythmic Gymnastics 艺术体操（韵律体操）
Ribbon 带
Ring leap 结环跳
Roll in a circle 圆圈滚动
Rolls 滚动
Rolls on the floor 地上滚动
Rope 绳
Rope folded in 2 双折绳
Rotation 旋转
Rotations of the rope 转动绳
S
"Sails" 帆
Scissors leap 剪式跳
Scissors with a turn 剪式跳转体180度
Series of a minimum of 5 bounces
一组拍球，至少5次
Series of mills 一串五花
Series of small throws 一组小抛
Series of snakes on different planes 一组在不同面上的蛇
Series of spirals on different planes 一组在不同面上的螺
Shape 形状
Shape of the rope 绳的图形
Shape fixed and well defined 姿态准确固定
Short traveling 短距离移动
Side splits without help 无帮助侧劈腿
Skipping on the rope 小跳过绳
Skips and hops 小跳（单、双脚）
Skips/hops into the rope 过绳小跳
Sliding movements 滑动动作
Sliding on the arm 滑到上臂
Sliding onto the forearm 滑到前臂
Slow turn 慢转
Small circles 小绕环
Small fault 轻微错误
Small or medium throws 小抛或中抛
Small tosses ("echappers ") 小抛
Snakes 蛇形
Sound signal 声音信号
Special artistic characteristics 特殊艺术性
Speed 速度
Spinning 旋转
Spinning movements with the ball
旋转球
Spiral pivot 螺旋转体
Spirals 螺形
Split leap 跨跳
Split leap with bent leg 屈腿交换腿跳
Split leap with legs stretched 直腿交换腿跳
Splits 劈腿
Stag leap 鹿跳
Stag leap with ring 鹿跳结环
Starting position 开始动作
Static apparatus 器械静止
Stick 棍
Straddle jump 分腿屈体跳 Style 风格
Successive leaps 连续跳
Summary table 总结表
Support 支撑
Support leg bending progressively 支撑腿逐渐弯曲
Support leg bent 支撑腿弯曲
Support leg from bent to stretched 支撑腿从弯曲到伸直
Support on the forearm 前臂支撑
Swing 摆动
Synchronization and harmony 和谐一致性
T
Take off from both feet 双脚起跳
Tapping 敲击
TC 技术委员会
Technical faults 技术错误
Technical movements 技术动作
Technical value 技术值
Technique 技术
Technique with apparatus 器械技术
Temperament 个性
The balance position has been fixed 平衡姿势已经固定
The distance 距离
The end of the ribbon stays on the floor 带尾拖地
The level of the exchange 交换的水平
The majority of the gymnasts 大多数运动员
The same movements 相同的动作
The value of the difficulties without exchange无交换难度的值
The vertical axis of the apparatus
器械的垂直轴
The vertical axis of the body
身体的垂直轴
Throughout the duration of the balance difficulty 在平衡难度持续的过程中
Throw 抛
Throw with another apparatus
用另一个器械抛
Throw with rotation(s) 带旋转的抛
Thrusts 预摆
Toes 足尖
"Tonneau" 多努转体
Toss of one end 小抛绳的一端
Total body wave 全身波浪
Trajectory 抛物线
Traveling 移动
Trip turn of the rope 三摇跳
Trunk at the horizontal 上体水平
Trunk bent backwards 上体前屈
Trunk bent forward 上体前屈
Tuck jump 团身跳
Turn 转体
Turn and leap(Jete with a turn) 反跨跳
Turn of the trunk 转体
Turn of the whole body 整个身体转体
Two consecutive boomerang throws 两个连续的拉带抛
U
Unauthorized acrobatic elements 不允许的技巧动作
Uncrossed arms 双臂不交叉
"Unit" 单元
Unstable balance position 不稳定平衡位置
Use of the floor area 场地使用
Use of the replacement apparatus 使用替换器械
V
Value of the difficulties 难度值
Value of the movements 动作价值
Variety 多样化
Various methods of traveling 各种移动
Vertical 垂直
Vertical jump 垂直跳
Very brief 非常短
Vibrations 颤动
Voluntary stops 有意停顿
W
Walkover 软翻
Wave 波浪
Weight 重量
With "choral" execution 以"合唱"方式完成
With collaboration in execution 以合作方式完成
With "contrasting" execution 以"对比"方式完成
With interruption in the exercise 动作中断
Without connection with the apparatus 与器械无联系
Without heel support 无脚跟支撑
Without help of hands 不用手
Without intermediary heel support 无中间脚跟支撑
Without physical contact 无身体接触
Without risk 无惊险动作
Without step 无中间步
With physical contact 有身体接触
With ring 结环
With synchronized execution 一致完成
With the help of the body 用身体帮助
With the help of one hand 用身体帮助
With/without help 有/无帮助
World championships for RG 世界锦标赛
Wrapping 缠绕