反意疑问句是什么?怎么用?
1.与含否定意义的词有关的反意疑问句
如果陈述部分含有never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, nothing, nobody, few, little等具有否定意义的词,应将该句视为否定句,其反问部分要用肯定式。例如:
They have never met each other before, have they?
You have nothing more to say, have you?
Few people know him, do they?
2.与主语有关的反意疑问句
(1)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that,或是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等,由于它们是第三人称单数并且指代事物,其反问部分的主语为it。 例如:
This / That is your bike, isn’t it?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
(2)如果陈述部分的主语是不定代词someone(body), anyone(body), everyone(body), no one, nobody 等,由于它们是第三人称单数并且指代人,其反问部分的主语可以是they也可以是泛指第三人称单数的he。例如:
Everyone passed the exam, didn’t they / he?
Someone is coming, aren’t they / isn’t he ?
Anyone can see it, can’t they / he?
(3)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词these 或those,应把它们视为第三人称复数,其反问部分的主语为they。例如:
These / Those aren’t guitars, are they?
(4)如果陈述句部分是以I am开头,由于am not没有缩写形式,所以其反问部分用aren’t 或ain’t或am I not。例如:
I am a worker, aren’t I / ain’t I / am I not?
(5)如果陈述句部分的主语是none of...,其反问部分的主语应分别用it、we、you或they来代替。例如:
None of the food was wasted, was it?(注:food不可数,视为第三人称单数。)
None of us are perfect, are we?
None of you went to the cinema, did you?
None of the students heard the news, did they?
(6)如果陈述句部分的主语是some of...,其反问部分的主语分别用we或they代替。例如:
Some of us wanted to stay longer, didn’t we? (注:本句中的some 包括说话人)
On the way back, some of us lost the way, didn’t they? (注:本句中的some不包括说话人)
(7)如果陈述句部分的主语是one,其反问部分的主语仍然用one。例如:
One should be strict with oneself, shouldn’t one?
(8) 如果陈述句部分是由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语,其反问部分的主语要用复数。例如:
Neither you nor I am a doctor, are we?
3.与谓语有关的反意疑问句
(1)如果陈述部分含有表推测的情态动词must, can等,其反问部分不能用情态动词,而应根据具体情况而定。例如:
He must be a teacher, isn’t he?
(思路:He must be a teacher. à He is a teacher.)
She must have arrived there yesterday, didn’t she?
(思路:She must have arrived there yesterday. à She arrived there yesterday.)
You must have made the mistake, haven’t you?
(思路:You must have made the mistake. à You have made the mistake.)
但是如果陈述部分含有不表推测的情态动词must, can等,则不属此例,试比较:
He must find the proof, mustn’t he?
(2)如果陈述句部分的谓语含有带否定前缀dis-, un-, im-或否定后缀-less的词(dislike, discourage, be unfair/ untrue/ unable, etc.),仍按肯定句处理,其反问部分要用否定式。例如:
You dislike it, don’t you?
The patient is unable to move round, isn’t he?
The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, didn’t it?
但是如果陈述句中的谓语是disappear, be unnecessary等, 则不属此例,要按否定句处理,其反问部分要用肯定式。例如:
It is unnecessary to buy a bigger computer, is it?
(3)如果陈述句部分的谓语是“有”动词have、has或had,其反问部分既可用have的适当形式,也可用do的适当形式。例如:
Tom has an interesting book, hasn’t / doesn’t he?
(4)如果陈述句部分的谓语是不作“有”讲的行为动词have、has或had,其反问部分只能用do的适当形式