英语:什么是复合结构
动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构是:“物主代词或名词所有格+动名词”这里的物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑上的主语。这种结构通常在句中作主和宾语。如: Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry. 玛丽迟到使她的老师很生气。 Do you mind my smoking? 我可以抽烟吗? 在这种结构,除作主语外,其他不常用物主代词而用人称代词宾格,不用名词所有格而用没有词形变化的的名词。如: I am sure of his coming on time. 我相信我他会准时来的。 He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. 他从来没有听说过女人当飞行员。
with的复合结构
该结构由“名词(代词)+分词(不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语)”构成,在句中作状语或定语,因而可以将其改为具有相应语法功能的句子。
1. 作方式或伴随状语(位于句末)。如:
Don”t talk with your mouth full.
满满一嘴东西不要讲话。
The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.
老师走进教室,手里拿着一本书。
(= The teacher entered the classroom and she had a book in her hand. )
2. 作时间状语(位于句首或句末)。如:
With his homework finished, he went to see a film.
做完作业后他去看电影了。
(= After his work was finished, he went to see a film. )
The room is very bright with all the lights on.
所有的灯都打开,教室里非常明亮。
3. 作原因状语(位于句首或句末)。如:
I can”t go out, with a lot of homework to do.
我不能出去,因为有很多作业要做。
(= I can”t go out because of a lot of homework to do. )
4. 用作条件状语(位于句首)。如:
With Mary to help me, I can do it better.
假如玛丽帮我的话,我能做得更好。
(= If Mary helps me, I can do it better. )
With time permitting, we”ll visit the Great Wall.
假如时间允许的话,我们将游览长城。
(= If times permits, we”ll visit the Great Wall. )
5. 用作定语(位于被修饰词后)。如:
There were rows of white houses, with trees in front of them.
那里有成排的白色房屋,前面有树。
I like to live in the house with its windows facing the sea.
我喜欢住在窗户面向大海的房子里。