英语:什么是复合结构

动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构是:“物主代词或名词所有格+动名词”这里的物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑上的主语。这种结构通常在句中作主和宾语。如: Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry. 玛丽迟到使她的老师很生气。 Do you mind my smoking? 我可以抽烟吗? 在这种结构,除作主语外,其他不常用物主代词而用人称代词宾格,不用名词所有格而用没有词形变化的的名词。如: I am sure of his coming on time. 我相信我他会准时来的。 He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. 他从来没有听说过女人当飞行员。

with的复合结构

该结构由“名词(代词)+分词(不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语)”构成,在句中作状语或定语,因而可以将其改为具有相应语法功能的句子。

1. 作方式或伴随状语(位于句末)。如:

Don”t talk with your mouth full.

满满一嘴东西不要讲话。

The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.

老师走进教室,手里拿着一本书。

(= The teacher entered the classroom and she had a book in her hand. )

2. 作时间状语(位于句首或句末)。如:

With his homework finished, he went to see a film.

做完作业后他去看电影了。

(= After his work was finished, he went to see a film. )

The room is very bright with all the lights on.

所有的灯都打开,教室里非常明亮。

3. 作原因状语(位于句首或句末)。如:

I can”t go out, with a lot of homework to do.

我不能出去,因为有很多作业要做。

(= I can”t go out because of a lot of homework to do. )

4. 用作条件状语(位于句首)。如:

With Mary to help me, I can do it better.

假如玛丽帮我的话,我能做得更好。

(= If Mary helps me, I can do it better. )

With time permitting, we”ll visit the Great Wall.

假如时间允许的话,我们将游览长城。

(= If times permits, we”ll visit the Great Wall. )

5. 用作定语(位于被修饰词后)。如:

There were rows of white houses, with trees in front of them.

那里有成排的白色房屋,前面有树。

I like to live in the house with its windows facing the sea.

我喜欢住在窗户面向大海的房子里。