哪些动都愉快地生活在海洋里
海洋哺乳类包括哺乳纲的鲸目,海牛目及食肉目犬形亚目的部分成员.其中,前两类终生生活于水中,二后者除特定时期外也多生活于水中.这三类中,只有少数在淡水中生活,所以通称为海洋哺乳类.这类哺乳动物间没有进化上的直接连系,鲸目源自陆生偶蹄类,海牛目于陆升长鼻类有着***同的祖先,而海豹总科则更接近熊类动物.所有海洋哺乳类都是陆生哺乳类的后裔,它们出于觅食等需要而进入大海并适应着海洋环境.除海獭类和北极熊在外形上与其陆生近亲没有显著不同外,其它海洋哺乳类的身体结够都有很大变化，它们变得于鱼类形似:具有适于水生的副肢和流线型的身体。
海洋哺乳类以整个海洋生态系统为栖地,是重要的环境指示生物.同时,它们的皮(毛),肉,脂等身体分又有这重要的经济价值。
自18世纪以来,以有两种海洋哺乳类:巨海牛和加勒比僧海豹因人类活动而灭绝。日本海狮也可能已经绝迹。一些鲸目成员也因人类的乱部而濒临绝境，另一些物种，如白暨豚和加湾鼠豚由于栖地的破坏或误捕而接近灭绝,有于全球边暖及环境污染,北极熊等北极海兽也遇到类似的问题.保护海洋哺乳类已迫在眉睫!!
全世界现生的海洋哺乳类***125种,其中鲸目,须鲸亚目15种,齿鲸亚目70种,食肉目,犬形亚目36种,海牛目4种.
我国产海洋哺乳类鲸目9科24属35种,食肉目海豹总科2科5属5种,海牛目1科1属1种。
海豹总科原为鳍足目,关于它们的分类问题我会在最后作出简述。
以下是全球海洋哺乳类的名录,其中有*标记的是在我国境内有记录的种类。
世界海洋哺乳类名录.I
海牛目 SIRENIA
.海牛科 Trichechidae
...加勒比海牛 Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758
...非洲海牛 Trichechus senegalensis Link, 1795
...亚马逊海牛 Trichechus inunguis (Natterer, 1883)
.儒艮科 Dugongidae
...儒艮 Dugong dugon (Müller, 1776)*
...巨海牛 Hydrodamalis gigas (Zimmerman, 1780)世界海洋哺乳类名录.II
鲸目 CETACEA
.须鲸亚目 MYSTICETI
..露脊鲸科 Balaenidae
...北大西洋露脊鲸 Eubalaena glacialis (Mülller, 1776)
...北太平洋露脊鲸 Eubalaena japonica (Lacépède, 1818)*
...南露脊鲸 Eubalaena australis (Desmoulins, 1882)
...弓头鲸 Blaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758
..小露脊鲸科 Neobalaenidae
...小露脊鲸 Caperea marginata (Gray, 1846)
..灰鲸科 Eschrichtiidae
...灰鲸 Eschrichtius robustus (Liljeborg, 1861)*
..须鲸科 Balaenopteridae
...大翅鲸(座头鲸) Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)*
...小须鲸 Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804*
...南极小须鲸 Balaenoptera bonaerensis Burmeister, 1867
...布氏鲸 Balaenoptera brydei Olsen, 1913*
...小布氏鲸 Balaenoptera edeni Anderson, 1879*
...塞鲸 Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828*
...木氏鲸 Balaenoptera omurai Wada, Oishi et Yamada, 2003
...长须鲸 Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758)*
...蓝鲸 Balaenoptera musculus (Linnaeus, 1758)*世界海洋哺乳类名录.III
鲸目 CETACEA
.齿鲸亚目 ODONTOCETI
..抹香鲸科 Physeteridae
...抹香鲸 Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758*
..小抹香鲸科 Kogiidae
...小抹香鲸 Kogia breviceps (Blainville, 1838)*
...侏抹香鲸 Kogia sima (Owen, 1866)*
..喙鲸科 Ziphiidae
...鹅喙鲸 Ziphius cavirostrts G Cuvier, 1823*
...阿氏贝喙鲸 Berardius arnuxii Duvernoy, 1851
...拜氏贝喙鲸 Berardius bairdii Stejneger, 1883*
...谢氏塔喙鲸 Tasmacetus shenpherdi Oliver, 1837
...印太喙鲸 Indopacetus pacificus (Longman, 1926)
...北大西洋瓶鼻鲸 Hyperoodon ampullatus (Forster, 1770)
...南瓶鼻鲸 Hyperoodon pianifrons (Flower, 1882)
...贺氏中喙鲸 Mesoplodon hectori (Gray, 1871)
...特氏中喙鲸 Mesoplodon mirus True, 1913
...杰氏中喙鲸 Mesoplodon europaeus (Gervais, 1855)
...索氏中喙鲸 Mesoplodon bidens (Sowerby, 1804)
...格氏中喙鲸 Mesoplodon grayi von Hast, 1876
...秘鲁中喙鲸 Mesoplodon peruvianus Reyes, Mead et Van Waerebeek, 1991
...安氏中喙鲸 Mesoplodon bowdoini Anderews, 1908
...巴氏中喙鲸 Mesoplodon bahamondi Reyes, Van Waerebeek, Cárdenas et Yánez, 1996
...哈氏中喙鲸 Mesoplodon carlhubbsi Moore, 1963
...银杏齿中喙鲸 Mesoplodon ginkgodens Nishiwaki et Kamiya, 1958*
...斯氏中喙鲸 Mesoplodon stejnegeri True, 1885
...长齿中喙鲸 Mesoplodon layardii (Gray, 1865)
...柏氏中喙鲸 Mesoplodon densirostris (Blainville, 1817)*
..恒河豚科 Platanistidae
...恒河豚 Platanista gangetica (Roxburgh, 1801)
..亚河豚科 Iniidae
...亚河豚 Inia geoffrensis (Blainville, 1817)
..白鱀豚科 Lipotidae
...白鱀豚 Lipotes vexillifer Miller, 1918*
..弗西豚科 Pontoporiidae
...弗西豚 Pontoporia blainvillei (Gervais et d'Orbigny, 1821)
..一角鲸科 Monodontidae
...一角鲸 Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758
...白鲸 Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)
..海豚科 Delphinidae
...康氏矮海豚 Cephalorhynchus commersonii (Lacépède, 1804)
...智利矮海豚 Cephalorhynchus eutropia (Gray, 1846)
...海氏矮海豚 Cephalorhynchus heavisidii (Gray, 1828)
...贺氏矮海豚 Cephalorhynchus hectori (van Bénéden, 1881)
...糙齿海豚 Steno breaanensis (G Cuvier in Lesson, 1828)*
...大西洋白海豚 Sousa teuszii (Kükenthal, 1892)
...印度洋白海豚 Sousa ptumbea (G.Cuvier, 1829)*
...中华白海豚 Sousa chinensis (Osbeck, 1765)*
...土库海豚 Sotalia fluviatilis (Gervais et Deville, 1853)
...瓶鼻海豚 Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821)*
...印度洋瓶鼻海豚 Tursiops aduncus (Ehrenberg, 1833)*
...热带点斑原海豚 Stenella attenuata (Gray, 1846)*
...大西洋点斑原海豚 Stenella frontalis (G.Cuvier, 1892)
...飞旋原海豚 Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828)*
...克莱门原海豚 Stenella clymene (Gray, 1850)
...条纹原海豚 Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833)*
...短喙真海豚 Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758*
...长喙真海豚 Delphinus capensis Gray, 1828*
...弗氏海豚 Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser, 1956*
...白喙斑纹海豚 Lagenorhynchus albirostris (Gray, 1846)
...大西洋斑纹海豚 Lagenorhynchus acutus (Gray, 1828)
...太平洋斑纹海豚 Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Gill, 1865*
...暗色斑纹海豚 Lagenorhynchus obscurus (Gray, 1828)
...皮氏斑纹海豚 Lagenorhynchus australis (Peale, 1848)
...沙漏斑纹海豚 Lagenorhynchus cruciger (Quoy et Gaimard, 1824)
...北露脊海豚 Lissodelphis borealis Peale, 1848
...南露脊海豚 Lissodelphis peronii (Lacépède, 1804)
...里氏海豚 Grampus griseus (G Cuvier, 1812)*
...瓜头鲸 Peponocephala electra (Gray, 1846)*
...小虎鲸 Feresa attenuata Gray, 1874*
...伪虎鲸 Psseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1846)*
...虎鲸 Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758)*
...长肢领航鲸 Globicephala melas (Traill, 1809)
...短肢领航鲸 Globicephala marrorhynchus Gray, 1846*
...伊河海豚 Orcaella brevirostris (Owen in Gray, 1866)
..鼠豚科 Phocoenidae
...江豚(新鼠豚) Neophocaena phocaenoides (G.Cuvier, 1829)*
...港鼠豚 Phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus, 1758)
...加湾鼠豚 Phocoena sinus (Norris et Mcfarlang, 1958)
...棘鳍鼠豚 Phocoena spinipinnis Burmeister, 1865
...眼镜鼠豚 Phocoena dioptrica Lahille, 1912
...白腰拟鼠豚 Phocoenoides dalli (True, 1885)世界海洋哺乳类名录.IV
食肉目(部分) CARNIVORA (in part)
.犬形亚目(部分) CANIFORMIA (in part)
..海豹总科 Phocoidea
...海狮科 Otariidae
....非澳南海狮 Arctocephalus pusillus (Schreder, 1775)
....南极南海狮 Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875)
....亚南极南海狮 Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872)
....瓜岛南海狮 Arctocephalus townsendi Merriam, 1897
....胡岛南海狮 Arctocephalus philippii (Peters, 1866)
....澳新南海狮 Arctocephalus forsteri (Lesson, 1828)
....南美南海狮 Arctocephalus ausrtralis (Zimmerman, 1783)
....加岛南海狮 Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller, 1904
....北海狗 Callorhinus ursinus (Linnaeus, 1758)*
....日本海狮 Zalophus japonicus (Peters, 1866)
....加洲海狮 Zalophus californianus (Lesson, 1828)
....加岛海狮 Zalophus wollebaeki Sivertsen, 1953
....北海狮 Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)*
....澳洲新海狮 Neophoca cinerea (Péron, 1816)
....新西兰海狮 Phocarctos hookeri (Gray, 1884)
....南美海狮 Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)
...海象科 Odobenidae
....海象 Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
...海豹科 Phocidae
....髯海豹 Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777)*
....港海豹 Phoca vitulina (Linnaeus, 1758)
....斑海豹 Phoca largha (Pallas, 1881)*
....环斑小头海豹 Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)*
....里海小头海豹 Pusa caspica (Gmelin, 1788)
....贝加尔小头海豹 Pusa sibirica (Gmelin, 1788)
....灰海豹 Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791)
....带纹海豹 Histriophoca fasciata (Zimmerman, 1783)
....天琴海豹 Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777)
....冠海豹 Cystophora cristata (Erxleben, 1777)
....加勒比僧海豹 Monachus tropicalis (Gray, 1850)
....地中海僧海豹 Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779)
....夏威夷僧海豹 Monachus schauinslandi Matschie, 1905
....南象海豹 Mirounga leonina (Linnaeus, 1758)
....北象海豹 Mirounga angustirostris (Gill, 1866)
....韦德尔海豹 Leptonychotes weddellii (Lesson, 1826)
....罗斯海豹 Ommatophoca rossii Gray, 1844
....食蟹海豹 Lobodon carcinophaga (Hombron et Jacquinot, 1824)
....豹形海豹 Hydrurga leptonyx (Blainville, 1820)
..熊总科 Arctoidea
...熊科(部分) Ursidae (in part)
....北极熊 Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774
...鼬科(部分) Mustelidae (in part)
....海獭 Enhydra lutris (Linnaeus, 1758)
....海猫獭 Lontra felina (Molina, 1782)