2p2p

(1)当n=1时,a1=1;

当n≥2,n∈N*时,a1+a2++an-1=(n-1)2,

所以an=n2-(n-1)2=2n-1;

综上所述,an=2n-1(n∈N*).(3分)

(2)当k=1时,若存在p,r使

1
ak
1
ap
1
ar
成等差数列,则
1
ar
2
ap
?
1
ak
3?2p
2p?1

因为p≥2,所以ar<0,与数列an为正数相矛盾,因此,当k=1时不存在;(5分)

当k≥2时,设ak=x,ap=y,ar=z,则

1
x
+
1
z
2
y
,所以z=
xy
2x?y
,(7分)

令y=2x-1,得z=xy=x(2x-1),此时ak=x=2k-1,ap=y=2x-1=2(2k-1)-1,

所以p=2k-1,ar=z=(2k-1)(4k-3)=2(4k2-5k+2)-1,所以r=4k2-5k+2;

综上所述,当k=1时,不存在p,r;

当k≥2时,存在p=2k-1,r=4k2-5k+2满足题设.(10分)

(3)作如下构造:an1=(2k+3)2,an2=(2k+3)(2k+5),?an3=(2k+5)2,其中k∈N*,

它们依次为数列an中的第2k2+6k+5项,第2k2+8k+8项,第2k2+10k+13项,(12分)

显然它们成等比数列,且an1<an2<an3,an1+an2>an3,所以它们能组成三角形.

由k∈N*的任意性,这样的三角形有无穷多个.(14分)

下面用反证法证明其中任意两个三角形A1B1C1和A2B2C2不相似:

若三角形A1B1C1和A2B2C2相似,且k1≠k2,则

(2k1+3)(2k1+5)
(2k1+3)2
(2k2+3)(2k2+5)
(2k2+3)2

整理得

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