c语言设计哈夫曼编码
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define MAXVALUE 10000 /*权值最大值*/
#define MAXLEAF 30 /*叶子最多个数*/
#define MAXNODE MAXLEAF*2-1 /* 结点数的个数*/
#define MAXBIT 50 /*编码的最大位数*/
typedef struct node /*结点类型定义*/
{
char letter;
int weight;
int parent;
int lchild;
int rchild;
}HNodeType;
typedef struct /*编码类型定义*/
{
char letter;
int bit[MAXBIT];
int start;
}HCodeType;
typedef struct /*输入符号的类型*/
{
char s;
int num;
}lable;
void HuffmanTree(HNodeType HuffNode[],int n,lable a[])
{
int i,j,m1,m2,x1,x2,temp1;
char temp2;
for (i=0;i<2*n-1;i++) /*结点初始化*/
{
HuffNode[i].letter=0;
HuffNode[i].weight=0;
HuffNode[i].parent=-1;
HuffNode[i].lchild=-1;
HuffNode[i].rchild=-1;
}
for (i=0;i<n-1;i++)
for (j=i+1;j<n-1;j++) /*对输入字符按权值大小进行排序*/
if (a[j].num>a[i].num)
{
temp1=a[i].num;
a[i].num=a[j].num;
a[j].num=temp1;
temp2=a[i].s;
a[i].s=a[j].s;
a[j].s=temp2;
}
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
HuffNode[i].weight=a[i].num;
HuffNode[i].letter=a[i].s;
}
for (i=0;i<n-1;i++) /*构造huffman树*/
{
m1=m2=MAXVALUE;
x1=x2=0;
for (j=0;j<n+i;j++)/*寻找权值最小与次小的结点*/
{
if (HuffNode[j].parent==-1&&HuffNode[j].weight<m1)
{
m2=m1;
x2=x1;
m1=HuffNode[j].weight;
x1=j;
}
else if (HuffNode[j].parent==-1&&HuffNode[j].weight<m2)
{
m2=HuffNode[j].weight;
x2=j;
}
}
HuffNode[x1].parent=n+i;
HuffNode[x2].parent=n+i; /*权值最小与次小的结点进行组合*/
HuffNode[n+i].weight=HuffNode[x1].weight+HuffNode[x2].weight;
HuffNode[n+i].lchild=x1;
HuffNode[n+i].rchild=x2;
}
}
void HuffmanCode(int n,lable a[])
{
HNodeType HuffNode[MAXNODE];
HCodeType HuffCode[MAXLEAF],cd;
int i,j,c,p;
HuffmanTree(HuffNode,n,a);
for (i=0;i<n;i++) /*按结点位置进行编码*/
{
cd.start=n-1;
c=i;
p=HuffNode[c].parent;
while (p!=-1)
{
if (HuffNode[p].lchild==c)
cd.bit[cd.start]=0;
else cd.bit[cd.start]=1;
cd.start--;
c=p;
p=HuffNode[c].parent;
}
for (j=cd.start+1;j<n;j++) /*储存编码*/
HuffCode[i].bit[j]=cd.bit[j];
HuffCode[i].start=cd.start;
}
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
HuffCode[i].letter=HuffNode[i].letter;
printf(" %c ",HuffCode[i].letter);
for (j=HuffCode[i].start+1;j<n;j++)
printf("%d",HuffCode[i].bit[j]);
printf("\n");
}
}
int main()
{
lable data[30];
char s[100],*p;
int i,count=0;
for (;;)
{
cout<<" / 求哈夫曼编码,直到输入为end结束! /"<<endl;
printf(" Input some letters:");
scanf("%s",s);
if (!strcmp(s,"end"))
exit(0);
for (i=0;i<30;i++)
{
data[i].s=0;
data[i].num=0;
}
p=s;
while (*p) /*计算字符个数与出现次数(即权值)*/
{
for (i=0;i<=count+1;i++)
{
if (data[i].s==0)
{
data[i].s=*p;
data[i].num++;
count++;
break;
}
else if (data[i].s==*p)
{
data[i].num++;
break;
}
}
p++;
}
printf("\n");
printf(" different letters:%d\n",count);
for (i=0;i<count;i++)
{
printf(" %c ",data[i].s);
printf("weight:%d\n",data[i].num);
}
HuffmanCode(count,data);
count=0;
}
getch();
}
这个程序是现成的，我做的是电文出现概率也要自己计算的（可以说更智能些吧）。要是不满意，略做修改就可以了。