霍尔推力器的概述

Inspacecraft propulsion, aHall thrusteris a type ofion thruster in which thepropellantis accelerated by anelectric field. Hall thrusters trap electrons in amagnetic fieldand then use the electrons to ionize propellant, efficiently accelerate theionsto producethrust, and neutralize the ions in the plume. Hall thrusters are sometimes referred to asHall effectthrustersorHall current thrusters. Hall thrusters are often regarded as a moderatespecific impulse(1,600 s)space propulsiontechnology. The Hall effect thruster has benefited from considerable theoretical and experimental research since the 1960s.

在航天器推进中，霍尔推力器是离子推力器(ion thruster)的一种，霍尔推力器有时也称为霍尔效应推力器Hall effectthrusters或霍尔电流推力器Hall current thrusters。霍尔推力器一般被认为是具有中等比冲(1600s)的空间推进技术。霍尔推力器自1960年代以来在理论和试验研究上取得了很大进步。

Hall thrusters operate on a variety of propellants, the most common beingxenon. Other propellants of interest includekrypton,argon,bismuth,iodine,magnesium, andzinc.

霍尔推力器可使用多种推进剂，最常用的是氙。其他推进剂包括氡、氩、铋、碘、镁和锌。

Hall thrusters are able to accelerate their exhaust tospeedsbetween 10–80km/s (1,000–8,000sspecific impulse), with most models operating between 15–30km/s (1,500–3,000s specific impulse). The thrust produced by a Hall thruster varies depending on the power level. Devices operating at 1.35kW produce about 83mN of thrust. High power models have demonstrated up to 3N in the laboratory. Power levels up to 100kW have been demonstrated by xenon Hall thrusters.

霍尔推力器喷气速度最大可达10-80km/s（比冲1000 - 8000s），但绝大多数型号喷气速度在15-30km/s (比冲1500 - 3000s)。霍尔推力器推力与功率有关。1.35kw的推力器可产生83mN的推力。高功率型号在实验室环境中推力达到了3N。100kW功率量级的氙气霍尔推力器也已得到验证。